低空飞行安全风险分析与系统管理

Low-altitude flight safety risk analysis and system management

摘要:

随着我国低空经济的蓬勃发展，低空安全风险日益凸显，成为制约其进一步发展的重要因素。本文聚焦低空飞行安全管理，旨在构建有效的系统协同管理机制，以促进低空空域的安全健康发展。首先，剖析低空安全的内涵与特征，明确其涉及航空器运行、人员操作、环境条件及管理措施等多维度要素；其次，基于人、机、环、管四个维度，运用决策实验室分析（DEMATEL）方法量化识别出监管手段、地理环境、气象条件等11项关键风险因素，揭示人为因素与管理因素的核心驱动作用；最后，针对性提出包含治理协同、环境协同、规范协同、保障协同和人机协同的“五协同”管理机制，通过多维度联动实现风险防控、监管效能提升与社会认知改善的系统性目标。研究结果为低空安全管理提供理论支撑与实践路径，助力推动低空产业经济与安全管理的良性互动。

Abstract:

With the vigorous development of my country's low-altitude economy, low-altitude safety risks have become increasingly prominent and have become an important factor restricting its further development. This paper focuses on the safety management of low-altitude flight, aiming to build an effective system collaborative management mechanism to promote the safe and healthy development of low-altitude airspace. First, the connotation and characteristics of low-altitude safety are analyzed, and it is clarified that it involves multi-dimensional elements such as aircraft operation, personnel operation, environmental conditions and management measures; secondly, based on the four dimensions of man, machine, environment and management, the decision laboratory analysis (DEMATEL) method is used to quantitatively identify 11 key risk factors such as regulatory means, geographical environment, and meteorological conditions, revealing the core driving role of human factors and management factors; finally, a "five-coordination" management mechanism including governance coordination, environmental coordination, normative coordination, security coordination and man-machine coordination is proposed, and the systematic goals of risk prevention and control, regulatory efficiency improvement and social cognition improvement are achieved through multi-dimensional linkage. The research results provide theoretical support and practical paths for low-altitude safety management, and help promote the benign interaction between low-altitude industrial economy and safety management.