载人eVTOL航空器TC取证适航要求现状及风险挑战

Status of airworthiness requirements, risks and challenges for obtaining TC of person-carrying eVTOL aircraft

摘要:

载人电动垂直起降（eVTOL）航空器取得型号合格证（TC）是其商业化运行的必要前提，需要开展其TC 取证相关的适航研究。本文根据eVTOL 航空器的发展现状，分析了国际民用航空组织（ICAO）、欧洲航空安全局（EASA）、美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）和我国目前已发布的与载人eVTOL 航空器相关的适航要求的适用性和要点；总结了已有适航要求的不足，提出了建立完善适航要求的建议；重点分析了国内载人eVTOL 航空器目前TC 取证面临的六个方面的风险和挑战，并给出了应对策略，以期为我国eVTOL 航空器适航要求的建立健全和TC 取证的顺利开展提供参考借鉴。

Abstract:

Obtaining a type certificate (TC) is a necessary prerequisite for the commercial operation of person-carrying electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, it is necessary to conduct the relevant airworthiness research for TC certification. Based on the current development status of eVTOL aircraft, this paper analyzes the applicability and key points of airworthiness requirements related to person-carrying eVTOL aircraft that have been issued by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the United States, and China. The shortcomings of the existing airworthiness requirements are summarized, and suggestions for establishing and improving the airworthiness requirements are put forward. Focused on currently domestic person-carrying eVTOL aircraft’s TC certification, six aspects of risks and challenges are analyzed and countermeasures are given, with the aim of providing reference for the establishment and improvement of airworthiness requirements, and the smooth progress of TC certification for domestic eVTOL aircraft.