超声速民用飞机最小飞行速度适航标准研究

Study on minimum flight speed airworthiness standard of supersonic civil aircraft

摘要:

超声速民用飞机较亚声速民用飞机在气动布局和设计上有很大的变化，这些变化将会带来新的风险，导致现行规章部分条款不适用。通过对比CCAR25 部和专用条件进行定性分析的同时，采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法，分析小展弦比大后掠角的超声速民机在低速状态的气动特性；通过定性分析和定量分析相结合的方式揭示超声速民用飞机专用条件所提到的最小飞行速度背后的安全意图。结果表明：CCAR25 部定义的失速速度基准不适用于超声速民用飞机，超声速民用飞机采取最小飞行速度（Vmin）以及零爬升率速度（Vzrc）作为新的速度基准，保证稳定飞行的同时还具有爬升能力。

Abstract:

Supersonic civil aircraft have significant changes in aerodynamic layout and design compared to subsonic civil aircraft, which will bring new risks and make some provisions of the current regulations inapplicable. By conducting a qualitative analysis of CCAR Part 25 and the special conditions while using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, the aerodynamic characteristics of a small aspect ratio, large sweep angle supersonic civil aircraft in low-speed conditions are analyzed; Finally, the safety intent behind the minimum flight speed mentioned in the supersonic civil aircraft special conditions is revealed through a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results show that the stall speed reference defined by CCAR Part 25 is not applicable to supersonic civil aircraft. Supersonic civil aircraft adopt the minimum flight speed (Vmin) and zero climb rate speed (Vzrc) as new speed references to ensure stable flight while still having climbing ability.